Abstract

Approximately 1 200 hospital workers are exposed to ethylene oxide, used as a sterilizing agent. A number of regulatory bodies have lowered their exposure limits for ethylene oxide in light of recent research findings. This project reviews current knowledge concerning the health effects associated with occupational exposure to ethylene oxide, and details the available options for reducing exposure, with particular emphasis on measures suitable for use in hospitals. A critical review of the scientific literature outlines the most common applications of ethylene oxide, identifies the most highly exposed workers, and describes the potential effects of chronic exposure, and recommended preventive measures.

Acute exposure may result in eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation, whereas chronic exposure increases the risk of developing leukaemia and stomach cancer. Although effective preventive measures exist, biological monitoring of ethylene oxide exposure is not currently possible. The IRSST has therefore funded an external research project to develop a biological monitoring technique for exposed workers.