Abstract

This project analyzed techniques used to load and unload merchandise on loading docks and incidents associated with these activities. Particular attention was paid to containers other than boxes, since these are known to cause more accidents.

Thirty-two handlers employed at a large transport company were filmed. Observation and data analysis revealed that the handling techniques used are much more complex than those usually studied experimentally and that the types of action typically studied are rarely actually used. Further, some behaviours which are not recommended are widely practised: asymmetrical loading, for example, is widespread since it allows handlers to stabilize the container handled. On the other hand, some of the more common recommendations (e.g. keeping the knees bent) have in fact nothing to do with back position.

This study underscores the importance of on-site studies and the impossibility of defining a typical portrait of materials handling. Since the work context surrounding handling is constantly changing, it also appears difficult to compare groups of handlers. Analysis of the data indicated that one incident occurs for every seven handling operations. The types of incidents which occur and the preventive strategies developed to prevent them probably depend on individual skills. The study's key finding is that materials handling is a complex mental activity which cannot be summarized as a series of mechanical movements.